UNIT 1
INTRODUCTON TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLEGENCE
In this unit, following topics will be covered:
What is Intelligence?Types of Intelligence
How do you make decisions?What is Artificial Intelligence?
What is not AI?
Applications of Artificial Intelligence around us
Basics of AI
AI, ML and DLAI Domains (All the three domains)AI EthicsData PrivacyAI BiasAI AccessAI creates unemploymentAI for kids
What is Intelligence? :
According to researchers, intelligence is the ‘ability to perceive or infer information, and to retain it as knowledge to be applied towards adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.’
In a simple way Intelligence can be defined as the ability to use memory, knowledge, experience, understanding, reasoning, imagination and judgement in order to solve problems and adapt to new situations.
Types of Intelligence:
Mathematical Logical Reasoning: A person's ability to regulate, measure and understand numerical symbols, abstraction and logic.
Linguistic Intelligence: Language processing skills both in terms of understanding or implementation in writing or verbally. Example: Narrators
Spatial Visual Intelligence: Ability to perceive the visual world and the relationship of one object to another. Examples: Map readers, Astronauts, Physicists
Kinesthetic Intelligence: Ability related to how a person uses his limbs in a skilled manner. Examples: Players, Dancers
Musical Intelligence: person's ability to recognise and create sounds, rhythms and sound patterns. Examples: Singers, Musicians, Composers
Intrapersonal Intelligence: person's self-awareness, starting from realizing weakness and strength to his own feeling. Examples: Albert Einstein, Gautam Buddha
Existential Intelligence: It is related to religious and spiritual awareness. Examples: Phylosophers, Life coaches e.g. SriSri Ravishankar, Sadguru
Naturalistic Intelligence: Ability to process information on the environment around us. Examples: Zookeepers, Biologists, gardeners
Interpersonal skill: Ability to communicate with others by understanding other people's feelings and influence of the person. Examples: Mass communicators, Interviewers
Decision Making:
Decision making requires data and processing the data into meaningful form. The decision is made according to the data we gather, past experience, knowledge of learning, intuition, reasoning capability and self awareness. For any decision, we need to understand the reason behind, by using the data gathered or learning facts from the situation or using some past experience.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines that can act like a human, think and do reasoning like humans and can to make decisions like humans.
What is not AI?
Machines which do not learns and make decisions by their own, then we can say that they are not AI machines. They work according to the instructions from humans. They need human intervention.
Examples: An Automatic car toy, Automatic Washing Machine, Air Conditioner, Smart TV etc.
Applications of AI:
Google – We use Google to search the internet without realizing how effectively it always provides us with precise responses.
Personal assistants – These days, we have personal assistants that respond to a single command and perform numerous tasks. Several popular voice assistants are Alexa, Google Assistant, Cortana, and Siri.
Google Map – Apps like Uber and Google Maps help us find our way about. Consequently, it is no longer necessary to stop and ask for directions constantly.
Amazon – AI has taken care of our habits, likes, and dislikes in addition to making our lives easier. Because of this, services like Netflix, Amazon, Spotify, and YouTube, among others, display recommendations based on our preferences.
Social Media – The recommendations, however, go beyond simply reflecting our preferences; they also take into account our desire to interact with friends via social media networks like Facebook and Instagram.
Health App – Our health is also being tracked by AI. There are many chatbots and other health apps available that continuously track their users’ physical and emotional wellbeing.
Humanoid – These applications range from smart devices, such as Sophia, the first humanoid robot to humanoids, biometric security systems, such as the face locks we have on our phones, real-time language translators, weather predictions, and other things.
AI, ML and DL:
Artificial Intelligence (Al) Refers to any technique that enables computers to mimic human intelligence. It gives the ability to machines to recognize a human's face; to move and manipulate objects; to understand the voice commands by humans.
Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of Artificial Intelligence which enables machines to learn by themselves using the provided data and make accurate Predictions/ Decisions.
In Deep Learning, the machine is trained with huge amounts of data which helps it in training itself around the data. Such machines are intelligent enough to develop algorithms for themselves.
Introduction to Al Domains:
According to the type of data fed in the Al model, Al models can be broadly categorised into three domains:
1. Data Sciences: It is a domain of Al related to data systems and processes, in which the system collects numerous data, maintains data sets and derives meaning out of them. Example of Data Science is Price comparison websites. PriceGrabber, PriceRunner, Junglee, Shopzilla, DealTime are some examples of price comparison websites. Weather forecasting, youtube recommendation etc.
2. Computer Vision (CV): CV is a domain of Al that depicts the capability of a machine to get and analyze visual information like photographs, videos and pictures. The main objective of this domain of Al is to teach machines to collect information from pixels. Examples of Computer Vision are Self-Driving cars/ Automatic Cars, Face Lock in Smartphones etc.
3. Natural Language Processing: Natural Language Processing, abbreviated as NLP, is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction between computers and humans using the natural language. The ultimate objective of NLP is to read, decipher, understand, and make sense of the human languages in a manner that is valuable. for example: Email filters and Smart assistants.
AI Ethics
Al ethics refers to the basic principles of Al system design that use the good code of conduct and produces the results. Ethical means what is right and unethical means what is wrong.
Data Privacy:
While installing any app, it asks us for several permissions to access the app, we allow the app to get all the permissions that it wants. We need to understand that the data which is collected by various applications is ethical as the smartphone users agree to it. But at the same time if one does not want to share his/her data with anyone, he/she can opt for alternative applications. For example, an alternative to WhatsApp is the Telegram app which does not collect any data from us.
How Al is Bias?
Another aspect to Al Ethics is bias. Everyone has a bias of their own no matter how much one tries to be unbiased. We know that a machine it is artificial and cannot think on its own. It can have intelligence, but we cannot expect a machine to have any biases of its own. Any bias can transfer from the developer to the machine while the algorithm is being developed. Let us look at some of the examples.
1. Majorly, all the virtual assistants have a female voice.
2 If we search on Google for salons, the first few searches are mostly for female salons.
Who can access Al?
The people who can afford Al enabled devices make the most of it while others who cannot are left behind. Because of this, a gap has emerged between these two classes of people and it gets widened with the rapid advancement of technology.
Al may creates unemployment:
Al is making people's lives easier. Most of the things nowadays are done in just a few clicks. On one hand where Al is advancing and improving the lives of people by working for them and doing some of their tasks tasks, the other hand points towards the lives of people who are dependent on laborious jobs and are not skilled.
This may start an era of mass unemployment where people having little or no skills may be left without jobs and others who keep up with their skills according to what is required, will flourish.
To overcome such an issue, one needs to be open to changes. As technology is advancing with time, humans need to make sure that they are a step ahead and understand this technology with its pros and cons.
AI for Kids
Kids nowadays are smart enough to understand technology from a very early age. As their thinking capabilities increase, they learn everything more easily than an adult. for example A young boy in class 3 has got some Maths homework to finish. Soon, he starts asking Alexa to answer all his questions. Alexa replies with answers and the boy simply writes them down in his notebook. So, he is smart, but he might not be getting educated properly.
Questions:
- Define Intelligence.
- What is the difference between the an AI machine and not AI machine with examples.
- Write any 6 types of Intelligence and explain any two of them.
- Categorize the following persons/ professions in which their Intelligence lie:
Singer, Dancer, Astronauts, musician, players, narrators, scientist, mathematician, Gautam Budhha, Sadguru, Thomas Edison, News reader - How we can make our decision making capacity stronger?
- Explain any four applications of AI.
- How AI has affected the financial sector of our society?
- Differentiate among AI,ML and DL.
- Explain in brief all the three domains of AI.
- Categorize following applications into AI domain(s) (DS, CV or NLP):
Face recognition, Alexa, Spotify songs recommendation, youtube recommendation, Self driving car, health app, product recommendation in Amazon, personal assistants, plant disease detection, chatbot, auto correct and auto prediction. email filtering, object detection, translation, recruitment, barcode reading and analysis - What is the meaning of AI ethics?
- Comment on "Data privacy must be considered while designing AI system".
- A bias is the ethics which shows how we are partial to others. What is the significance of bias in AI?
- "AI may create unemployment" Write few points in favor and against of it.
- How the AI systems affecting life of kids?
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